A Study of Working Relatioship of the Executive, Judiciary and Parliament in Musharraf Era

International Islamic University Islamabad

Department of History and Pakistan Studies

By: Tajammal Hussain

Supervised By: Dr. Syed Akmal Hussain

Academic Level: PhD

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Abstract

This thesis explores the intricate dynamics of the executive, judiciary, and parliament in the era of General Pervez Musharraf’s rule in Pakistan. The study delves into the interplay between these three branches of government, focusing on their interactions, conflicts, and collaborations during this period. By analyzing key events, legislative measures, and court decisions, this research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the power dynamics and governance structure that existed in Pakistan during the Musharraf Era. The thesis employs a multidimensional approach, drawing on various primary and secondary sources such as legal documents, parliamentary records, judgments, and scholarly works. The methodology includes descriptive, analytical, and qualitative ‘approaches to illuminate the intricate relationship among the executive, judiciary, and parliament.
The findings of this research shed light on the strengths and weaknesses of the relationship between the executive, judiciary, and parliament during the Musharraf Era. It examines the impact of executive actions on the functioning of the judiciary and the legislature, and conversely, the influence of judicial decisions on the executive and legislative branches. The research also investigates the extent to which the separation of powers was maintained and the degree of independence enjoyed by each branch of
government. Furthermore, the thesis critically evaluates the role of the Constitution, legal frameworks, and institutional structures in shaping the interactions between the executive, judiciary, and parliament. It explores the mechanisms employed by each branch to maintain checks and balances, ensuring accountability and transparency in the decision-making process.
The significance of this research lies in its contribution to the understanding of democratic governance and the rule of law in Pakistan, By examining the working relationship of the executive, judiciary, and parliament during the Musharraf Era, this thesis provides valuable insights for policymakers, scholars, and practitioners secking to strengthen democratic institutions and ensure a balanced distribution of power within the government.

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On the direction of the Chairman Senate/President PIPS Board of Governors, the Pakistan Institute for Parliamentary Services (PIPS), has implemented a comprehensive set of measures aimed at ensuring fiscal discipline, operational efficiency, and responsible utilization of public resources, on the same lines as notified and adopted by the Senate and National Assembly Secretariats.

Under the new measures, the Institute has adopted a four-day working week (Monday to Thursday), while introducing a hybrid working model whereby 50% of staff will perform duties from the office and 50% will work remotely on a rotational basis. Employees working from home will remain fully accessible through digital communication platforms and may be required to report to the office on short notice, ensuring uninterrupted institutional functioning.

Significant steps have also been taken to promote energy conservation. These include a target of achieving up to 70% reduction in energy consumption through minimizing unnecessary use of electricity and ensuring that official meetings, trainings, and events are scheduled during daylight hours. Foreign tours are banned and international meetings are being held virtually.

In the transport section, PIPS has introduced strict measures to curtail expenditure and 70% official vehicles have been grounded as part of this initiative.

As part of broader austerity efforts, 20% reduction has been imposed on the non-ERE budget for the fourth quarter of the current financial year. The officers drawing a monthly salary of PKR 300,000 or more, shall surrendered two days salary or 5% to 30% salary on gross as per Federal Government decision.

The Institute has also discontinued all non-essential procurements with immediate effect. Official functions such as dinners and receptions will not be hosted, except in the case of visiting foreign delegations, and even then, strictly in accordance with austerity protocols.

These measures have been implemented with immediate effect and will remain in force until further orders.

Under the guidance of President PIPS Board of Governors, Syed Yousaf Raza Gilani, PIPS remains fully committed to maintaining its core functions of parliamentary support, capacity building, and research while contributing proactively to national austerity and sustainability goals.